green screen recording

26/09/14

Along with my digipak analysis I did a video on analysing Katy Perry's digipak on 'Teenage Dreams'. In the video I talked about the general codes and conventions of a pop genre digipak and then began to describe Katy Perry's digipak and how it follows the conventions.

          

                                      

When creating this video I used a green screen when recording myself talking so that I can show Katy Perry's digipak in the background. This makes it visually interesting for the audience to understand and see in what I am talking about. I created this video by setting up the green screen on the wall along with a tripod with a DSLR camera and then telling Megan and Hayley to press the record button and make sure I am in the frame. By using this green screen it helped me with my media skills of editing on Final Cut Pro in which will come in use when creating our music video. From here I found out how to convert files to DV's and how to edit my video by using green screen tools. I think the way I have done the digipak analysis has been creative in the fact that I have used different techniques and skills.

                       

Mark Romanek

29/09/14
                        

Cross Media Case Study

24/09/14

                                                                                       

Jacques Derrida

Jacques Derrida was a French philosopher.  He is well known for his semiotic form of analysis(deconstruction) and as one of the main person that is associated with post-modernisms

“The center is not the center. The concept of a centered structure…is contradictorily coherent. And, as always, coherence in contradiction expresses the force of desire.”

Here Derrida is connoting that there is no normal and normal doesn't actually exist in the natural world, the idea of normal is created to make sense to people. Reflecting to post-modernism centre is never actually found as when you think you have found it, it moves which thereby means there is no centre. For example when you listen to a song you may think its an original but later you find out that the rhythm or some parts of the lyrics is the same as other songs.

Intertexuality

Many music videos take their inspiration from cult movies. Intertexuality (to be inside another text) ironically 'cult status' is usually awarded to a movie due to the fact that it is post modern. 
There are three types of intertexuality:
1)Homage-Imitation is the highest form of flattery.
2)Pastiche- Using the imagery of one text to make a comment about another.
3)Parody- Taking the mickey.

                            

Madonna's Material Girl(1985) was a parody of Marilyn Monroe's music video scene in the film 'Gentlemen prefer blondes'(1953).The intertexuality reference here isn't of Monroe but of a archetype of, blonde haired, Hollywood women using their looks to get what they want. The clear reference of Marilyn's ''Diamonds are forever'' is shown in Madonna's music video. This is done through the mise-en-scene of the way she has been dressed

 and the setting of the scene. The video also amplifies the archetype of Hollywood women by men surrounding her and doing what wants them to.

                                

Robert Palmer's 'Addicted to love'(1986) had been parodied a lot by the use of female mannequin style. This style was then copied by Shania Twain for 'Man I feel like a women'(1999).

Television can be another example of an intertexual reference. For example, the music video 'Sabotage' by an American Hip-hop group of Beastie Boys directed by Spike Jonze in 1994 consists of intrertexuality reference through homage and parody of 70's television crime series such as 'Starsky and Hutch' and 'Hawaii five-0'; the opening of the music video connotes 70's style police series.

                            

Post modernism

22/09/14

There is no precise answer to post modernism; it is basically everything. It consists of a new spin on something old therefore nothing new is original. It is used to describe anything that looks culturally avant garde in an old school way. It is a short cut way to mass audiences. The dictionary definition for post modernism is " a style and concept in the arts characterized by a distrust of theories and ideologies and by the drawing of attention to conventions."

To look at genres in media studies, there is a theory that suggests that genre go in cycles:

1)Experimental------------------------> 2)Post-modern ---------------------------> 3)Cannon

~The experimental stage of genre attempts to establish trends.

~The cannon stage works within those trends to fix them into our cultural understanding.

~Post modernism look at those trends, pastiche them and creates something out of them. Thereby creating new experimental stage.

It can be argued that music video is a post-modern stage of evolution of cinema:

1)Short silent films------------------> 2)Full length talkie films----------------->3)music videos

Post modernism is all about idea of creating something new by referring to the old: created by copying. It can be humorous or terrifying and can be made by anyone which therefore means it is democratic. For example vine.

Analysing digipaks

19/09/14 
                        

From doing this digipak analysis i found out the conventions of a pop genre digipak. The convention is that on the front cover there should be either a close-up or a mid-shot of the pop artist. The pop artists, Rihanna, Katy Perry, Lady Gaga and Avril Lavgine follow this convention well. Having the style of bright colours, whether it is the setting, props or text, really gives the connotation of a pop feel. Lady Gaga was the only pop genre digipak, from my digipak analysis, that didn't follow this convention and therefore broke it as her whole album 'The Fame Monster' was all in black and white. The back cover usually consists of a longshot of the pop artist on half the side while the other side has a list of the songs. This convention was not followed.

This research has been useful as now I will know what to include when I design my digipak. I will know what to do so that the pop genre is illustrated and the target audience is aimed. The convention of having the front cover being a close-up, back cover showing a long shot of the artists and the disk being simple but interesting will be followed when designing my digipak. As we are creating a digipak it is important to know the digipak codes and conventions.

Favourite music video analysis

I began doing a music video analysis on Katy Perry's song 'California Gurls' as it is one of my favourites due to it being quite catchy and interesting to listen to and watch.This music video demonstrates the pop genre really clearly due to the style being very girly as it is based around sweets and candy and the use of colours being bright and bold. The major colour shown throughout the video is pink amplifying the pop genre clearly.

There is a clear relationship between the visuals and lyrics throughout this music video. The lyrics start of with ''Greetings loved ones. Let's take a journey'' which links really well with the visuals of Snoop Dog welcoming the audience and showing them the board game which leads to the candy world.

                            

For example when she says ''California girls, we're unforgettable. Daisy Dukes bikinis on top.'' The lyrics relate to the visuals of what the girls are dressed in illustrating the imaginary world being ideal not only for girls but men as there they get to see their ideal woman.

The music being upbeat and catchy makes it a conventional pop song. The visuals relate to the music as there are scenes of Katy dancing and moving along with the beat in the illusionary candy world.

                                  

The video being of her surrounded by chocolates and candy portrays a sense of surrealism due to Katy Perry being in an imaginary candy world. She sings ''You'll be falling in love'' which relates to the visuals as everyone would love to be in this imaginary candy world.

The pace of editing is quick to attract the viewers and keep them interacted with various shots. The demands from the record company is illustrated clearly as there are different angles of shots of Katy Perry and the major being Close-ups. This therefore relates back to the pop genre as having close-ups of the artist is one of the pop genre conventions. Due to the artists popularity, close-ups are extremely important in the pop genre. The record company choose to use more close-ups so that a wide range of audience is attracted as well as target audience. The target audience, being you teen girls, would be immediately attracted due to the whole candy girly theme. Although the men would be attracted through a sexual perspective of Katy Perry being seductive as there is a vouyeristic image portrayed of her. This therefore means that both genders would be attracted.

The camera work shows a range of establishing shots such as long shots and wide shots. There are shots where the camera has captured Katy Perry's legs, body and face showing her beauty and sexiness appealing to the male audience. This references to Goodwin's theory of notion of looking as Katy Perry is constantly being portrayed in a vouyeristic way. Camera shots that have been captured of some of the props such as as her shoes, outfit and make-up is to appeal to the female audience. 
 
There is an intertextual reference of the movies 'Alice in Wonderland' and 'Charlie and the Chocolate Factory' due to the narrative and concept being around a world of candy and chocolate. The narrative is clear, in this music video, of it being based around a candy themed board game in which Katy Perry dreams of being in as one of the game pieces. Mens sexual desire is followed strongly due to the dances and actions performed. For example when Katy Perry squirts cream, that are attached to her bra.

  
 

The mise-en-scene of costumes, throughout the music video, has changed keeping the viewers engaged and interested with both male and female genders. There is one point of the video where she has a brownie outfit on reflecting upon the young teens. The artist is also dressed in ''Daisy dukes'' with ''bikini's on top'' which attracts the young adults and men. In some scenes Perry's costumes are quite revealing and sexy to seduce the men; slight nudity involved to increase the sexiness. The high key lighting has used all the way through the video to amplify the wonderful happy atmosphere illustrating the pop genre.

Overall, throughout this music video, the pop genre has been portrayed predominately well. The music video has attracted a range of gender and aged people. The video has worked considerably well due to the visuals constantly linking to the music and lyrics and the frequent reference of notion of looking being vouyeristic in this case.

Goodwin's analysis of LadyGaga's Pokerface music video

This music video in a slight way does follow Goodwin's theory of music video. In the video the genre of Pop is shown clearly as it is depicted though the dance routine. Majority of the music video is of dance moves which creates the feel of the dance vibe in Pop. The connection between the lyrics and visuals is quite good in the way that the song is about not being able to understand Lady Gaga and you don't know what she will do next. This is shown through the visuals as you can't judge or guess on what her next move will be in the video. For example when she says "can't read my poker face" she is laying behind a man who has dark lighting while she has light lighting. This implies that she is hiding lots of things or something by acting innocent and bright like a star.

The tone and beat of the music works well with the visuals as the dance moves go in sync with the beat. The seductive notions in music are portrayed in the video. For example by the clothing she is wearing which is a dress full of mirrors that stands out in video. The style of her clothes throughout this music video fits well with the Pop genre as its funky and stands out.

Throughout the video there is a range of close-up to Lady Gaga showing her emotions or her singing. In many scenes she is the main focus even when there are other people surrounding her the camera focuses on her while she sings. This gives me an idea of that Lady Gaga is the centre of attention and that this song is about her and focused only on her; she is important.

She shows different ways in referencing to the word 'poker' by making a circle out of her hand and looking through it or by wearing mirrored masks and outfits.

                

Her body, throughout the video, is being portrayed voyeurestically by making sexual and seductive movements to attract males as well as females to watch and listen to her Poker Face video. For example when she is in a room sitting with people she does sexual references when dancing. From doing this she attracts her young teen girls to listen to her song as well as the men to watch the video. Her tight fitted clothes also contribute to her seductive look.

There are a few intertexuality references used in her music video. To start off with she advertises BWIN which is a poker company; this interlinks with her title 'Poker Face'. There is also a part in the song in which she uses Beats headphones by Dre this relates to her as the headphones are to do with music. By doing these intertextual references she is advertising to people and encouraging them to buy them as she plays or uses them.

I decided to do an analysis on Lady Gaga's music video "Poker Face" as i feel that it will be useful to me when thinking about creating my music video as i want to go into the genre of Pop which is the one she is in. As Lady Gaga is from a Pop genre i feel that researching into her music video and style will be useful and also because i am interested in the idea of a female Pop. This music video of hers does follow the theory of Goodwin however not to the extent but there are elements that follow each point.

Introduction on digipaks

19/09/14

                        

                        

The key elements of a digipak:

Text---> album name, name of the artist or band, price, song list, bonus material, website, credits: record company, song writers, musicians and producer.

Pictorial---> picture of an artist or the band, logo of the band and at that back CD logo, barcode, record company logo and website banner.

Design---> Theme that is to do with genre, colour and style, unfolds, booklet, DVD, adverts and cardboard sleeve.

The purpose of a digipak is to attract the fans along with people who are interested in the type of music. It is a product that is created in a way so that the fans are intrigued and persuaded into buying the album and listening to it.

Goodwin's analysis Jay-Z 99 problems music video

17/09/14 

This music video demonstrates the genre of Rap/Hiphop. This is shown through mise-en-scene as the costumes in the video shows the key iconography. For example are hats, baggy jeans, baggy jackets, hoody's and balaclavas. Props have also contributed for example the bling jewellery and the music system. There is a recurring use of 'diamond' throughout the video amplifies the connotation of Jay-Z being 'the diamond in the rough'.

The video shows the notion of looking through a slight voyeurism as there are a few short shots of women in their bikini's being sexy. There is derogatory treatment of women as they are being compared to a dog as the editing of the shots has been done in a graphic match; a shot of the women being shown then cut to a shot of the dogs. At this cut the term of 'Bitches' is being said in the lyrics, this then creates the link between the visuals and lyrics as the term bitches is indicating to the women and the dogs. There maybe very few shots of women however the voyeuristic treatment of women is still shown.

                                  

The genre through the visuals is clearly shown as a gangster lifestyle and typical 'thug-life' as the setting shows graffiti's on the walls, being in Brooklyn(run down area), basketball courts and police in the surroundings bringing the impression of criminals around. There are also camera shots of people doing hip-hop dancing which contributes to the idea of hip-hop. A shot of the suitcase full of money in the boot of the car creates that tension towards the audience of whats going to happen as the police has caught him out.

This music video is very realistic in the way of representation of Jay-Z's life; dealing with drugs. Through this music video is Jay-Z's life through narrative. The black and white editing effect creates the mood of aggressiveness due to the dullness of everything seeming darker, run down and gritty; this in a way reflects upon poverty. The tone of the music also brings out the aggressiveness and the genre of rap. The videos very 'ghetto style' referencing old NewYork films and opposing usual romantic connotations.

The low angle shots of Jay-Z amplifies the idea of him being the boss along with the close-ups of mostly being him implying that the narrative is about him. However the visuals later show the inferior side of Jay-Z as he is shown against his weakness which is the police, this is illustrated through a high angle shot of him. The handheld cinematography brings out the realistic side of this music video. The editing being short cuts and fast pace builds up that tension.

Throughout the video there are multiple relations between the lyrics and the visuals. For example when Jay-Z says ''Paparazi with there cameras snapping them'' the visuals shows criminals being taken photos in the prison. Each verse has a different story in which the visuals reference each narrative.

Throughout this music video the shots are edited in a very high pace which makes the whole music video fast pace and snappy. The way the shots have been edited to create tension and give the realistic feel by reflecting on the narrative.

                               

As the song fades there is a relationship between the rhythm of the music and the visuals as they both go in sync. There is in intertextual reference of Rick Ruban and rounder of Def Jan. The video amplifies the message of the song clearly; he has got lots of problems but a 'bitch' aint one; it really connotes the young black guy and his narrative. There is also another intertextual reference shown in a scene where the camera is showing Jay-Z view on him looking into his mirror.

Overall this music video clearly follows Goodwin's theory of music video as it consists of variety of demonstrations in which reflect upon the genre of Rap/Hip-hop clearly. The relationship between the lyrics and visuals and music and visuals is also done to the extreme. The notion of looking has been contributed as well as the intertextual reference.

Mainstream and indie artists

15/09/14 

Mainstream artist is an artist that is famous and known by everyone whether they are a fan of their music or not this is because they are publicised constantly. They usually make music under the genres of either Pop or R&B and therefore have a same style and follow the idea of 'culture industry' as they don't have their own style or uniqueness. Music by these artists are played on many radio stations and music channels like Kiss FM, MTV and Capital FM.

                                        

An Mainstream artist example would be the band One Direction. They are an English Pop boy band that's started their music career in the year 2010. After being formed in 'The X Factor' they were signed on by record label Syco Records with Simon Cowell. The Boy band have become so popular and successful due to following the idea of mainstream and therefore growing a strong fan base. The band accept the theory by Adorno and Horkeimer of the culture industry as they are a band that have been created by Simon Cowell purely to make profit from their success due to the group being attractive to the young teenage girls.

            

Indie artists(independent) usually get signed by independent record labels. They are artists that are not standardised by any record labels and create music and themselves independently. They open to producing their own music and generally have their own unique style. They go against the theory of the culture industry due to the fact of them being independent.

An indie artist example would be Jason Collett who is a Canadian singer-songwriter. He started his music career in 1999 and is currently signed by Arts and Craft record label. Arts and Crafts productions are a record company that are independent in the fact that they focus on music and talent more than just profit. Collett is against the culture industry theory as he writes his own songs and sings them with his own style in an independent manner.

  

Record labels research and planning

                   

I think by researching into record labels has given me an idea on starting to look into artists and what genre of music and type of record label i want them to be with. At this stage i am getting a vague idea of what genre i want my music video to be and the type of artist i will have along with the type of record label they will be signed to.

Here is a brainstorm that my group and i started to create. We were told by Sean that we had to remake a music video of a song that was at least 5 years old.

From then We all decided that we wanted to go with the genre of Pop which will go with the idea of having one main lead artist being a woman. The Pop genre was decided as majority of us are girls in our group (Megan, Hayley,Aaron and me) we 

will enjoy listening to Pop music and can therefore relate to it. We began to write a list of female artists that were of our interest and inspired us. Creating a solo artist, we felt, was the best as it would be easier as we would focus on that one person more. Having a solo female artists and that too a member from our group i feel will be the best due to it being easier to getting hold of the artists and being easier whenever we want to shoot as the availability will be flexible. The song that stood out to us is T-shirt by Shontelle which was released in 2008. This song connected to us as we liked the light hearted soft side of it and felt that it would be easy to portray in the visuals of our music video.

History of music videos

12/09/14 

I decided to look at the history of music videos as i feel that by doing this i will get a better understanding of the styles and themes of music videos and how they have developed over time. By researching this i will get a vague idea on how different colours, styles and themes reflect upon the genre. This is so that when i start planning my music video or the promotional materials i know what to include for my chosen genre.

Music videos have been around since the 1920 however were very simple due to the fact of not having much editing effects and camera movements being very basic. The music videos were basically of the artist singing live as they didn't have access to film using music studios so the videos were live performance. Music videos came out from the idea of 'film' and combining moving image with sound. 

The oldest but yet very popular music video was Bob Dylan's Subterranean Homesick Blues which was released in 1965. The main reason why it was so popular was because of the style; flipping and changing cards that each had a words which was from each line of the song. As the music was playing the visual of the words being shown were in sync. This music video was the very first to include text in the visuals which went in sync with the music.

In the 1970's artists were promoted much better in music videos. Around in 1975 Bohemian Rhapsody by Queen was the first music video in which visual effects were incorporated. Music videos were not as famous, they were only shown in cinemas until Queen released this video which marked the starting of the music video. TV channels were invented where record industry found it the best place to promote their artists.

In the 1990's there were two main types of music video. The first on being conventional music video which consists of fast cut montage and the second being experimental music video which is a non-representational of artists. Most 20th century record companies made their money by selling tangible production.

Music videos over the years have changed incredibly and developed over the years due to technology and changes in style.

Cinematography in music videos contribute to the genre of the video as well as creating an effect due to the camera movements and angles. For example movements being used to create a dynamic feel to stage while close-ups are to predominate an artist creating a sense of intimacy for the viewer. Along with cinematography links into miss-en-scene in which helps emphasis the feel and genre of the song. Editing contributes to the genre of the music video by the way in which clips are cut and put together. For example a fast cut montage creating the feel of tension while a slow pace and gentler transition will create a calm mood. Also having digital effects such as colourisation, split screen and CGI gives the idea of what type of genre it is.

The purpose of music videos is to tell a visual story in which a music can become recognised and famous for due to the video being good. For example:
                      Beyoncé= Crazy in Love
                      Lady Gaga= Poker Face
                      Katy Perry= California Girls
                      Miley Cyrus= Wrecking Ball
                      Rihanna= Rude Boy
                  

                  

They are created to promote or represent the artist/band/record label/brand. 

-to fit with genre. Music video are there to create some sort of buzz in which singles and albums can be sold as well as the artist to the audience. It is a kind of marketing tool for artists and bands to increase airplay song.

Technology developing over the course of years has a great effect as CD sales are falling each year due to people not consuming them but instead downloading them via internet. The 'product' is now being brought online as either a single song or an album. People before use to own music by having a CD collection but nowadays music exists only as an item through an iPod, computer or a mobile phone.

The development of music videos around the years has changed dramatically in the sense that now it involves more with technology due to the development of it. When creating my music video i will have to take this into consideration in being modern so that it is of interest to my target audience. This can be done through the modern style of editing, cinematography and miss-en-scene through the pre-production, production and post-production of my music video.

The culture industry- Adorno and Horkeimer's

10/09/14

The culture industry is a term created by Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer. The term is to connote cultural items(artists) all being produced in a similar or the same way. This is simply due to the reason of artists being under a commodity of having no control on what they want to become; artists are products simply produced to make money by appealing to their consumers. 

The idea of 'cultural industry' was linked to the idea of 'mass culture' where cultural production had become a routine. Adorno and Horkeimer argued that products created by the culture industry exhibited as standardised features thereby considered to be the normal. Capitalists have influenced the production of artists in to just caring about the profit. This is done by an artist becoming successful and famous by turning into something they know that will appeal to the audience and intrigue them into consuming their goods such as soundtracks, concert tickets and merchandise. 

Adorno noted that songs that became successful over time were put into the category of 'standard' therefore being classed as normal. He argues the idea of that there is nothing amazing about the process of cultural production and that it has become a routine of operation.

As a result of 'cultural industry' everything is mechanical and easily manipulated, by capitalist and cooperation and authoritarian governments. The cooperation becomes standardized and 'mass culture' everyone's same.

It is important to understand the culture industry as it gives you an idea of existing artists that are in the mainstream. I feel that it is something to consider and think about when creating me own artist. The artist may be a mainstream artists in which fits into the culture industry or the artist may be a very unique independent in which goes against the standardised idea. This theory allows me to think about what i want my artists to be and compare the artists that already exist.

Learning about this theory in class and researching examples is helpful because it teaches me more about the music industry. Whilst we want our artist to have an alternative element, this theory shows that in order to make her successful we have to obey certain genre characteristics. If we make her too different, she won't be mainstream. This is something we will consider when coming up with both our artist and target audience.

People argue that all popular artists in the music industry are an example of capitalism, however I go against this argument. I feel that not all artists are manufactured in any way through capitalism. For example the indie rock band Arcade Fire have not completely resulted into the culture industry theory as they first started off as an independent band creating music which is said to be at the 'experimental' stage. They were and still are free in making their own sound and do by perusing their passion of creating experimental music. It was only when they were founded by their classmates Win Butler and Josh Deu that they became part of the music industry. Their experimental music became famous and considered as 'normal' due to it being popular.

Goodwin's analysis of Katy Perry's Last Friday Night music video

This music video demonstrates the genre of Pop very well due to the whole teenage feel that is shown  ;the narrative being about a teenage party. The beat of the song from the beginning straight away gives you the implication that this is a Pop song. The style in which the video is filmed contributes to the genre; bright, colourful and starts off like a chick flick movie.

The relationship between the lyrics and visuals, in this music video, is very strong as whatever she says in her lyrics reflects on the visuals. For example towards the beginning of the song she says "there's a stranger in my bed" here it shows someone laying in bed next to her. As this line gets sung the camera moves to the side slightly showing the "stranger" in her bed. This helps in amplifying the lyrics so that the audience have a clear understanding on what the narrative is about and what she is saying.

           

The relationship between the lyrics and visuals get stronger as she sings and shows whatever she is singing in her narrative. She starts then singing about a party on friday and the video shows parts of the party, people dancing and singing while she sings about it. She then starts talking about her pictures being exposed online and at this point the camera cuts to her laptop showing the photos being online. 

                 

When the music video starts viewing the party and Katy starts singing. Here the audience, being young teenagers, can relate to the song as well as the video as this is what most teenage girls go through at a party.

The relationship between the music and the visuals is quite strong, i think, because the beat of the music flows in sync well with the visuals. This is as the start of the video the beat is quite low pitch but as the party gets started the song gets started the beat plays loudly and more with force. The songs quite fast pace and quick which goes well with the video as the cuts for each shot are pretty quick too. As the song gets to the chorus the beat gets higher along with the shots being short takes. As the song gets to the verse the beat goes slightly down along with the shots being slightly longer. The music video shows the professional typical pop style well by the music and visuals working along with each other.

The style and iconography really does reflect the whole idea of a Pop genre. Throughout this music video there are a lot of block bright colours used, commonly yellow and pick, to appeal to the young teen girls. Pink and yellow are the two main type of colours that connotate Pop and give the idea of parties being fun and give the retro feel as this music video is based around the late 80's. The Pop feel is also created at the parts where everyone is shown dancing at the parties.

                          

There are quite a few close-up shots shown of Katy when she is singing the lyrics or when she is showing her emotions. For example showing her happiness and freedom out of her comfort zone as she starts dancing at the party and smiling. In some of her shots she expresses her self in a flamboyant way to attract males to watch her videos.

                  

I feel that this music video, in a way, can be seen as voyeurism because the video shows the whole night of the party and the day after. This allows her fans to experience the party she went to with her as well as her feeling the next day.

The intertexuality of this music video is that it is like a chick flick film and similar to Mean Girls. The idea of having a house party and turning a nobody into a somebody is just like the concept of Mean Girls. Also the cinematography of filming Katy walking down the stairs reflects exactly to how Lindsey Lohan did when ready for the party at Mean Girls. 

The music video also starred two Glee stars. Glee is a show that many teenagers watch and this is why the stars were part of this music video so that Glee fans are attracted to watch and listen to this music video.

Debbie Gibson starred as Katy's mother. She is a successful musician and actress who was successful around the 80's and 90's. By starring Gibson it makes the music video authentic and attractive to old Debbie Gibson fans to watch and listen.

The representation of the popular teens and nerdy teens were clearly seen. The representation of the jock character in this video is shown in a stereotypical way of being a show-off and cool as his wearing his baseball jacket and lifts up his shirt to show the girls his six pack. He is represented as a typical jock as when katy is geeky he ignores her and goes after the pretty hot girls but then when she gets a makeover he starts talking to her. However the jock character then gets represented in an atypical way as the nerdy guy punches him; usually the jock type guys are suppose to be the strong ones.

The nerd character carried out by Katy is typical as her appearance is of a typical geek; having braces and glasses with neat clothes. She also plays suduko at the start implying she is a nerd. She then gets a makeover like a typical chick flick film.

Overall i feel that Goodwins theory of music video has been followed perfectly in this music video as it has covered most of the points he stated. I decided to research into this music video because the genre i am thinking of going into is Pop and I'm looking into creating an artist that does songs around Pop/Indie genre. I chose to look at Katy Perry as i like her unique style she has of quirkiness and fun style Pop artist.